Is Fiberglass Composite Harmful if Burned?

Yes, burning fiberglass composites can be harmful.

When glass fiber burns, it produces 2 types of hazards. The first is glass fiber dust, which is created when high temperatures cause the fibers to break down into tiny particles. If inhaled, this dust can irritate the respiratory tract and lungs. The second hazard is the toxic gases released when the resin decomposes, such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, styrene, and hydrogen cyanide. Inhaling these gases can cause dizziness and nausea, and in severe cases, can be life-threatening.

Therefore, we should avoid such combustion and stay away from the smoke produced by burning.

FAQs

1. If burned, what can we do to minimize harm?

At first glance, it is essential to avoid burning whenever possible. Run as far as you can to stay away from it. If exposure is unavoidable, use proper respiratory protection (P100 filter or SCBA). It is best to prepare such a device in advance. Or there is a fire extinguisher(CO₂ or dry powder) available nearby.

At the same time, external personnel need to take timely measures. They should try their best to ensure strong ventilation and evacuate the surrounding crowd.

2. What is the best way to extinguish a fiberglass materials fire?

The best way to extinguish a fiberglass composite fire is to use a fire extinguisher appropriate for the type of fire involved.

For most fiberglass composites, which involve combustible resins, Class A (ordinary combustibles) or Class B (flammable liquids) fire extinguishers such as dry chemical (ABC or BC), carbon dioxide (CO₂), or dry powder extinguishers are effective. Water can be used cautiously on Class A fires but should generally be avoided if electrical equipment is involved. It is crucial to maintain a safe distance, avoid inhaling the smoke, and ensure proper ventilation.

In all cases, evacuate personnel from the area if the fire cannot be controlled quickly and contact professional fire responders.

3. Which fiberglass composite is most effective at preventing fire?

Composites with high flame-retardant performance, e.g., UL94 V-0 or EN13501-rated materials.
Resins with inherent fire resistance, such as phenolic, modified epoxy, or BMI.
Composites containing halogen-free flame retardants (aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or phosphorus-nitrogen additives) for safer smoke and lower toxicity.

4. How should fiberglass composites be stored to reduce fire risk?

Fiberglass composites should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, open flames, or other sources of heat and ignition. It is important to keep them away from combustible materials and chemicals that could react with the resin. Stacks of composite panels or parts should be organized to avoid excessive height or pressure that could damage the material and expose fibers.

Additionally, proper labeling, fire-resistant shelving, and routine inspection for damage or signs of resin degradation can further reduce fire risk and ensure safe storage over time.

5. How can I find such high-quality fiberglass composite?

You should start by identifying suppliers or manufacturers with a strong track record in producing flame-resistant or industry-certified materials. Look for composites that meet recognized standards such as UL94 (V-0, V-1), EN13501, or ASTM E84, which indicate tested fire resistance. Evaluate the resin system (epoxy, phenolic, or modified vinyl ester) and whether it includes halogen-free flame retardants, as these improve fire safety and reduce toxic smoke.